3D Models in Neurosurgery
The Virtual Reality Anatomic Lab at UCSF's Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery offers an innovative approach to understanding complex neuroanatomy. This cutting-edge resource provides detailed 3D models of various anatomical structures, allowing medical professionals and students to explore the intricacies of the human body in unprecedented detail. Dr. Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, an assistant professor in the Department of Neurosurgery, has been pioneering the use of structured light scanning and photogrammetry to revolutionize the depiction of neuroanatomy since 2017.
The lab's extensive collection covers a wide range of anatomical regions, including the brain, skull, head, neck, and spine. Each section features multiple detailed models that showcase different aspects of the anatomy. For example, the brain models include visualizations of the cerebral arteries, venous structures, white matter tracts, and specific regions like the brainstem and cerebellum. Similarly, the skull and head models offer in-depth views of bones, muscles, and neurovascular structures, providing a comprehensive understanding of these complex areas.
This virtual reality approach to anatomical study represents a significant advancement in medical education and surgical planning. By offering highly detailed, interactive 3D models, the Virtual Reality Anatomic Lab enables healthcare professionals to gain a more thorough understanding of human anatomy, potentially leading to improved patient care and surgical outcomes. This resource demonstrates UCSF's commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technology in medical education and practice.
Resident Corner: Endonasal Approach Specific Anatomy
The Sagittal
Sagittal Head
Multicompartmental Endoscopic Anatomy
Orbital Apex EEA
Cavernous Sinus Orbital Apex Interface
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Brain
Middle Cerebral Artery
Right Hemisphere
Confluence of Sinuses
Internal Carotid Artery
Extra and Intracranial Arteries
Venous Structures
Cortical Surface
Cortical Surface 2
Anatomical Landmarks for Identifying PhICA
Vascular Saggital
Brain Orbit Vasculature
Dorsolateral Brain Surface and Vasculature
Insular Surface and Vasculature
Sulci & Gyri - Interlobar and Intralobar Sulci
BG Axial Cut
Perisylvian Network
Lateral Ventricles
Brain
White Matter Tracts of the Brain
Central Sulci
Left Arcuate Fasciculus
Inferior Fronto-occipital & Uncinate Fasciculi
Sulci & Gyri of Left Hemisphere
Dural Exposure
Cortical Exposure
Ventricular Exposure
Central Sulcus and White Matter
Venous Anatomy of the Cerebellum & Brainstem
Brainstem
Cerebellum
4th Ventricle-Flocculus
Venous System
Surface Anatomy
White Matter Insula
Caudate and Fornix
Surface
Caudate and Fornix
Sulcie
Cortical Vasculature
Cortical Vasculature 2
Dura
Sulci and Dura
Sulci and Dura 2
External Anatomy
Dorsolateral Cortical Surface
Dorsolateral Surface Half Brain
Cranial Nerves
Skull
Right Temporal Bone
Left Temporoccipital Region
Temporo-Occipital Section
Temporal bone
Human Skull and Sinuses
Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoid Bone with Annotations
Sinuses
Sutures and Craniometric Points
Surgical Craniometric Points
Keyholes and Ventricular Accesses
Venous Structures
Occipital Bone with Annotations
Fetal Skull
Angio Skull
Hemiskull - Right Side
Hemiskull - Left Side
Skull
Skull
Main Muscular Suboccipital Insertions
Anatomical Landmarks for Identifying PhICA
Top of Skull
Skull
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Carotid and Venous Anatomy
Skull Front
Posterior Fossa
Head
Superficial Muscles
Deep Muscles
Skin
Muscular Layer
Bone
Craniotomy
Dural Opening
Posterior Fossa Sinus and the Cranial Nerves
Major Ectocranial Landmarks
Skull Base
Pterional Window
Soft Tissue Layers
Dural Exposure
Mini-Pterional (MPt) Approach
Two-part Pterional Approach
Cavernous Sinus Orbital Apex Interface
Opthalmic Artery Type 2 Course
Orbital Apex EEA
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Movements of the CCJ
Nasopharynx/Craniovertebral Junction
Brainstem
Craniovertebral Anatomy
Main Muscular Suboccipital Insertions
Superficial Layer - Posterior Muscles
Suboccipital Muscles and Vasculature
Angiosomes and Skin Incisions
Posterolateral Craniocervical Region
Dural Opening
Far Lateral Modifications
Craniovertebral Anatomy
Major Ectocranial Landmarks
Soft Tissue Layers
FTOZ Window
Two-piece FTOZ Craniotomy
Six Bone Cuts in Two-piece FTOZ Craniotomy
Bone Flap Removed in One-piece FTOZ Approach
Two-piece FTOZ and Mini-orbitozygomatic Craniotomies
Orbito-Pterional Window
Middle Cranial Fossa
Neurovascular Structures
Multicompartmental Endoscopic Anatomy
Vascular Components of the Petrous Face
Saggital Head
Internal Maxillary Artery Trunk
Arterial Anatomy
Supratentorial Veins
Arterial Anatomy
Arterial System
Neck
Internal Carotid Artery
Branches of the External Carotid Artery
Extra and Intracranial Arteries
Anterior Cervical 1
Anterior Cervical 2
Anterior Cervical 3
Anterior Cervical 4
Anterior Cervical 5
Anterior Cervical 6
Ligaments
Muscles and Ligaments
Neurovascular Structures
Surgical Lines
Movements of the CCJ
Craniocervical Junction and Subaxial Spine
Axial C2
Axial C3
Middle Cranial Fossa
Neurovascular Structures
Multicompartmental Endoscopic Anatomy
Vascular Components of the Petrous Face
Saggital Head
Spine
Thoracic Vertebrae
T5 - Muscular Insertions
Spine
Sacrum
L3 - Bony Landmarks
L3 - Muscular Attatchments
Lumbar Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Atlas
Axis
C4 Vertebra
C7 Vertebra
Director and Co-Directors
Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, MD
Ivan El-Sayed, MD
Philip Theodosopoulos, MD
Mitchel Berger, MD
Faculty
Jose Gurrola, MD
Patricia Loftus, MD
Manish Aghi, MD, PhD, MAS
Ezequiel Goldschmidt, MD, PhD
Chairs
Edward Chang, MD
